A fall at night, and hours on the floor
Helen falls on the way to the bathroom and cannot get up. Her daughter finds her when she comes by at seven in the morning, and calls an ambulance.
Being unwell is hard enough. Helen is 79 and lives alone, in the house she has had for forty years. Her daughter works full time and lives forty minutes away.
Her daughter asks for a copy of the discharge summary.
She is told it will be faxed to the GP. Helen goes home without one.
The hospital stops a blood pressure tablet.
The GP, still without the summary, renews it.
Helen is 79, widowed, and lives alone in the house she has had for forty years. Her daughter lives forty minutes away, works full time and drives her to appointments: Helen no longer drives. One night in November, on the way to the bathroom, Helen falls.
Helen’s information was lost or delayed twice, and the story was told from the start 4 times. The failures in Helen’s story reflect documented patterns, with sources below.
In the proposed pathway, Helen has the right support on day 31. As it happened, she was ready to leave hospital for the second time on day 40, and waited another 219 days after that for ongoing help at home.
4 selected moments from this composite story.
Helen falls on the way to the bathroom and cannot get up. Her daughter finds her when she comes by at seven in the morning, and calls an ambulance.
Her daughter takes her to the GP. The summary has not arrived. Dr A goes through her usual medicines with her and renews them, including the blood pressure tablet the hospital stopped.
“I haven’t had anything from the hospital yet. Let’s keep you on your usual tablets.”
15 min with a clinician · told the story from the start · 0.5 days off work · system $45
Medically ready to go home, but she cannot manage alone, and nothing is in place. A second assessment, for transition care after hospital, comes within days; a provider with a place to deliver it takes sixteen, over Christmas and New Year. Her daughter rings the ward and My Aged Care three times over the holidays. Her notes say ‘failure to cope, awaiting services’. The new assessment also moves her ongoing help to medium priority, with her place in the queue kept from November.
“She’s medically ready. We’re just waiting on services.”
3 phone calls · 1 h chasing
Cleaning and shopping each week, and a worker who checks in. As a full pensioner, Helen pays 17.5% of the cleaning: about $20 a week.
Helen paid $20
“She’s medically ready. We’re just waiting on services.”
“With the summary and the reason, I could have reviewed her treatment before renewing it.”
People who are unwell get stressed, forget details and ask questions, and care should allow for that. Open a label to see what it leaves out.
Nothing is broken, but Helen cannot walk safely and lives alone, so she is admitted as a ‘social admission’. On the ward, a symptomatic urine infection and a drop in blood pressure on standing are found; a tablet may be contributing.
Back by ambulance 32 days after the first fall. The first month home brings a higher risk of another fall, and she is taking the tablet the hospital stopped.
The ward finds her taking a blood pressure tablet it had stopped and records a medication discrepancy. She took exactly what her GP prescribed: the hospital’s summary had not reached him, and it did not say why.
Ready to leave on day 40, Helen stays sixteen more days because nothing is in place at home. Her notes say ‘failure to cope, awaiting services’. She lives alone, has fallen twice and has been readmitted.
Six of the ten things below, at two referrals.
A point counts as told if anyone explained it when the referral was written or the appointment booked.
The pathway we propose answers the last column: one place responsible for the case, and a status that shows where the referral is.
Helen’s story also has people in it who got it right. They are the health system as well, and most people who see a GP say the GP always shows them respect.
Looked past the ‘social admission’, investigated her urinary symptoms and measured the blood-pressure drop on standing, then reviewed a tablet that may be contributing.
Wrote her medicines list for going home, with the reasons for the changes.
Made her home safer: rails in the bathroom, a shower chair, the rug gone, and exercises every week.
Reviewed her blood pressure and the reason for stopping the tablet, asked for a Home Medicines Review, and checked her eyesight.
“With the summary and the reason, I could have reviewed her treatment before renewing it.”
Explained her cataracts, why surgery is the treatment, and the choice between the public eye clinic, at no cost, and a private ophthalmologist, for a fee.
Some of the care in these stories was careless or dismissive, and the chart marks it in red. Good care also has to be reached: much of Helen’s case was lost in the waits and handoffs between the people who got it right.
Same Helen, same fall, same emergency department. Two changes: one record that Helen and her treating team can see, with access for her daughter with Helen’s consent, so the tablet the hospital stopped, and why, is on her GP’s screen the day she goes home; and a pathway that starts support at home within a set time, such as a month of an aged care assessment, as the Royal Commission recommended, with a home safety assessment before discharge and transition care at home starting within 48 hours. On the same record, her discharge plan asks for the eye test the falls guidelines advise, and the eye clinic’s call says what the day involves. That is the blue line on the chart. The proposed pathway still needs the staff, appointments and funding to run it, and a diagnosis, or support starting, is where the ongoing care begins.
| Measure | As it happened | Proposed care |
|---|---|---|
| Days until the right support | 259 d | 31 d |
| Recorded consultation and visit time | 14 hours 5 minutes | 11 hours 35 minutes |
| Kept waiting past the booked time | 2 hours 30 minutes | 2 hours 30 minutes |
| Time spent chasing | 3 hours 20 minutes | 0 minutes |
| Told the story from the start | 4× | 1× |
| Helen’s cost, incl. time and lost earnings | $2,896 | $1,373 |
| Medicare, hospital and admin costs | $16,861 | $8,803 |
| Referral letters | 1 | 1 |
| Avoidable repeated tests | 0 | 0 |
| Emergency visits | 2 | 1 |
Less in the proposed pathway: 228 days, 3 hours 20 minutes of her daughter’s time spent chasing, $1,522 of Helen’s money and time, $8,058 in Medicare, hospital and admin costs and 1 emergency visit.
| Day | For | Paid |
|---|---|---|
| 245 | Hospital parking, concession rate | $7 |
| 259 | Her share of the first week’s cleaning | $20 |
| Total | $27 | |
| The same case, with the fix | $653 | |
Helen is invented, but what goes wrong in the story follows documented patterns. Every figure here comes from official statistics, surveys, medical bodies or research, and each one links to its source.
Each patient is counted as if their journey went exactly like Helen’s, on both lines, so the totals are simple multiplication. The 1,000 is only a starting point. The totals cover every event shown, across all the years, and leave out the costs listed in the notes.
Often longer than you planned, and sometimes not by car. Some visits take hours, and some leave you unable to drive, and you may not hear about either until you arrive.
Public eye clinics tell patients to allow two to three hours, for tests and for drops that take time to work. We found no Australian standard for how long a patient can be kept waiting past the booked time. In New South Wales cancer clinics in 2024, most appointments started within 30 minutes of the booked time, and 28% of patients whose appointment started late were told how long they would wait.
Sydney Eye Hospital, outpatient factsheet · Bureau of Health Information, Outpatient Cancer Clinics Survey 2024
Drops that widen the pupils take 20 to 40 minutes to work and usually last about six hours. Their product information says not to drive until vision is clear, and public eye clinics tell patients they will not be able to drive. A patient who was not told before the day and drove there can lose the rest of it.
Tropicamide product information, sections 4.7 and 5.1 · Sydney Eye Hospital
After sedation for a colonoscopy, a patient may not drive for 24 hours or travel alone on public transport, and needs someone to take them home and, ideally, stay overnight.
Queensland Health: colonoscopy · Australian Society of Anaesthetists
State travel subsidies begin at a distance: in New South Wales, more than 100 km one way or 200 km in a week, and in Queensland, more than 50 km from the nearest public hospital. Below those distances, the schemes pay nothing towards the trip.
NSW Health: IPTAAS · Queensland Health: Patient Travel Subsidy Scheme
All of this fits in the appointment letter: how long to allow, whether drops or sedation are likely, and whether to bring someone to take you home.
Tests, drops and sedation are often needed, and a long visit can be a thorough one. What matters is knowing what the day involves before it comes.
Find a GP. Explain why you need help. Get a referral. Find someone who will see you. Wait. And if the care isn’t helping, start again with someone else.
A referral is normally needed for the higher, referred Medicare specialist rebate. Some private specialists see patients without one; others do not.
Private health insurance does not cover ordinary specialist appointments in their rooms. Medicare may pay part and leave a gap, and you still have to find someone who will see you.
Specialists set their own fees. No rule limits them, and there is no single requirement for how far ahead a patient must be told. The Department’s own paper says informed financial consent ‘is not currently established as a clear, enforceable patient right’. By September 2026, 106 of about 6,300 eligible specialists had chosen to show their fees on the government’s Medical Costs Finder; a law passed that month will let the government publish them itself.
Fee transparency consultation paper, pp. 6 and 9 · Excessive fees consultation paper, p. 17 · Minister for Health, 16 September 2026
Once a referral has been used, changing specialist generally needs a new one for referred Medicare benefits, and another appointment.
Patients should be able to question poor care and ask for another opinion without being written off as difficult.
GP visits often help: a GP can assess, gather results and follow up, and a new doctor is not always a better one. The site asks for trials of easier ways to reach a specialist, and to change one.
Getting care shouldn’t mean holding the system together.
Build on My Health Record and the referral systems connected to it, so that referrals, results, discharge summaries and specialist letters reach the patient and the people treating them, in the software they already use. Patients keep their choices, consent is still needed and access stays controlled, and there is a safe way to share the essentials for someone who does not use My Health Record.
A referral that meets agreed criteria is seen within a set time, such as a month of an aged care assessment, as the Royal Commission recommended. Waits to get onto the list are published, and one clinic is responsible for the case until the patient is seen. The patient and referrer can see whether it was received, accepted or needs more information, and who will follow up.
Copy this message, replace the parts in [square brackets] with your own details, and send it. Public specialist clinics are run by the states and territories, so your state or territory MP can act too.
Helen waited 259 days for the right support at home. Along the way: 1 referral, 4 retellings of the story and 2 emergency visits. Chasing the system took 3 hours 20 minutes, and about $2,900 was lost in fees, earnings and time. In the pathway the site proposes, staffed and funded, Helen has the right support on day 31.
You are in these stories, including as the people who got it right. Share this page with your colleagues, and ask your college, union or employer to back the two changes.
https://www.betweendoctors.org/journeys/helen/
These composite stories follow different people through the gaps between services.
The complete record: every event, explanation and recorded cost in Helen’s story.
Choose a visit to highlight it on the chart and read what happened.
Helen falls on the way to the bathroom and cannot get up. Her daughter finds her when she comes by at seven in the morning, and calls an ambulance.
X-rays show no fracture. She cannot walk safely and lives alone, so she is admitted as a social admission. Her daughter tells the story from the start.
“Nothing’s broken. We’ll admit her as a social admission until she’s steadier.”
45 min with a clinician · told the story from the start · 1 day off work · system $1,598
Helen reports new burning and frequent urination; a urine culture supports a urinary tract infection. Lying and standing blood pressures show a drop when she stands. The team treats the infection and stops a blood pressure tablet thought to be contributing, with a plan to review her blood pressure.
90 min with a clinician · system $6,415
An aged care assessor sees her on the ward, and Helen goes through it all again. She is approved for Support at Home at standard priority. She joins the queue for funding; no start date is offered. The assessor explains what she will pay towards it. Nobody says that, once funding comes, she will have to find a provider herself.
“You will receive funding as soon as it becomes available.”
45 min with a clinician · told the story from the start
Out of the ward by 10am, to the discharge lounge. The summary says ‘mechanical fall, social admission, UTI treated’. It lists the stopped tablet but not why. Her daughter asks for a copy and is told it will be faxed to the GP; Helen goes home without one, and nobody tells her or her daughter that any tablet has stopped. The national falls guideline recommends a home safety visit for someone just discharged; none is arranged. Nobody has tested her eyesight either, though the falls guidelines ask for a vision test after a fall.
1 day off work
Her daughter takes her to the GP. The summary has not arrived. Dr A goes through her usual medicines with her and renews them, including the blood pressure tablet the hospital stopped.
“I haven’t had anything from the hospital yet. Let’s keep you on your usual tablets.”
15 min with a clinician · told the story from the start · 0.5 days off work · system $45
Getting up from the couch, dizzy. This time she hits her head. A neighbour hears her and calls an ambulance.
A scan of her head is clear. She is admitted again. At triage, someone recognises her from last month. Her daughter, arriving from work, goes through it all again: the hospital has last month’s admission, but not the tablet restarted since.
“She was only here a month ago.”
45 min with a clinician · told the story from the start · 1 day off work · system $1,598
The ward finds her back on the blood pressure tablet it stopped a month ago, stops it again after review, and records a medication discrepancy. This time a pharmacist writes the medicines list for her discharge, with the reasons.
90 min with a clinician · system $6,415
Medically ready to go home, but she cannot manage alone, and nothing is in place. A second assessment, for transition care after hospital, comes within days; a provider with a place to deliver it takes sixteen, over Christmas and New Year. Her daughter rings the ward and My Aged Care three times over the holidays. Her notes say ‘failure to cope, awaiting services’. The new assessment also moves her ongoing help to medium priority, with her place in the queue kept from November.
“She’s medically ready. We’re just waiting on services.”
3 phone calls · 1 h chasing
An occupational therapist visits her home: rails in the bathroom, a shower chair, the rug gone. A physiotherapist comes weekly. Her daughter takes the day off to settle her in.
13 visits · 420 min with a clinician · 1 day off work
The pharmacist’s list, with its reasons, has arrived. Dr A reviews her blood pressure, confirms the tablet should stay stopped for now and asks for a Home Medicines Review; a pharmacist visits her at home about two weeks later, and Dr A goes through the pharmacist’s report with her and writes up the plan. Dr A also checks her eyesight on the wall chart: it is poorer than she had noticed, and her last eye test was years ago. Dr A suggests an optometrist, for whom she needs no referral. Her daughter takes her both times.
“With the summary and the reason, I could have reviewed her treatment before renewing it.”
2 visits · 30 min with a clinician · 1 day off work · system $230
On a Saturday morning her daughter drives her to an optometrist on the high street, with the ward pharmacist’s list of her medicines. There are cataracts in both eyes, the right worse, and new glasses would help only a little. The optometrist explains that surgery is the treatment, and that she can join the public eye clinic’s list at no cost or pay to see a private ophthalmologist, probably sooner. On the pension, Helen chooses the public clinic, and the optometrist writes to it with her medicines and her falls. Nothing is said about how long the public clinic takes, or whom to ring if no letter comes.
30 min with a clinician · system $68
Eight weeks and no letter. Her daughter looks up the eye clinic’s number and rings it from work: the referral has arrived and been triaged Category 3, to be seen within a year. The clinic’s routine wait is eight to twelve months, and a letter will come with a date.
“She’s on the list. A letter will come with the date.”
1 phone call · 25 min chasing
The twelve weeks are over. Her daughter rings My Aged Care twice: still waiting for funding, and the same answer as in November.
“You’re in the queue. Funding will be allocated as soon as it becomes available.”
2 phone calls · 40 min chasing
Shopping, cleaning, appointments and three visits a week: her daughter goes to four days a week until help arrives.
9 days off work
A letter: her Support at Home funding is available. Her daughter rings four providers before one has a worker free in Helen’s area.
4 phone calls · 1 h 15 m chasing
A cancellation, offered on the Thursday for Monday at nine. The call, and the text confirming it, give a time and a place, and nothing about how long to allow or about drops. Saying no would mean waiting for a routine date, months away, so her daughter takes the morning off. A nurse checks Helen’s sight and puts in drops to widen her pupils; nobody says how long they will blur it. The doctor sees her at noon, three hours after her booked time: half an hour of that for the drops to work, the rest a clinic running behind. The doctor examines her eyes, goes through her medicines and her falls, and puts her on the list for surgery on the right eye, Category 3: within a year. Measurements for the new lens will be taken at another visit. They leave after one, Helen on her daughter’s arm and the daylight too bright. Her sight will be blurred for hours, and she lives alone and has fallen twice, so her daughter stays with her: the morning off has become the whole day. The concession parking is $7.20.
“We’ve had a cancellation. Can she come in on Monday at nine?”
2 h 30 m past the booked time · 35 min with a clinician · Helen paid $7 · 1 day off work · system $492
Cleaning and shopping each week, and a worker who checks in. As a full pensioner, Helen pays 17.5% of the cleaning: about $20 a week.
Helen paid $20